[1] We show that a simple model of pan evaporation (‘‘PenPan’’) can be used to analyze monthly mean output from a global climate model (GCM). PenPan is based on a modified version of Penman’s potential evapotranspiration equation. Very good agreement is obtained with observed annual pan evaporation for Australian sites when PenPan is forced by surface observations of radiation, wind speed, humi...

Evaporation rates are predicted and important transport mechanisms identified for evaporation of water droplets on hydrophobic (contact angle ~110°) and superhydrophobic (contact angle ~160°) substrates. Analytical models for droplet evaporation in the literature are usually simplified to include only vapor diffusion in the gas domain, and the system is assumed to be isothermal. In the comprehe...

We present vapor pressure data of the C2 to C5 dicarboxylic acids deduced from measured evaporation rates of single levitated particles as both, aqueous droplets and solid crystals. The data of aqueous solution particles over a wide concentration range allow us to directly calculate activities of the dicarboxylic acids and comparison of these activities with parameterizations reported in the li...

A modified expression for the rate of homogeneous nucleation from an ideal supersaturated vapor was recently derived,’ in which the rate given by the classical expression was multiplied by a factor co/S, where S is supersaturation, 8 = (as,/kT), r+ is surface tension, and s, is monomer surface area. This factor represents an often large and temperature-dependent correction to the classical expr...

Over the last 20 years, great progress has been made in techniques for electrostatic levitation, with innovations such as containerless thermophysical property measurements and combination of levitators with synchrotron radiation source and neutron beams, to name but a few. This review focuses on the technological developments necessary for handling materials whose melting temperatures are abov...

Five methods (Thornthwaite, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, Turc, and Penman) for estimating potential evaporation for a reference surface (PEr) were compared to four methods (Priestley-Taylor, McNaughton-Black, Penman-Monteith, and ShuttleworthWallace) for estimating surface-dependent potential evaporation (PEs) using three cover types at each of seven locations from Fairbanks, Alaska, to San Juan, Puert...