In the last 15 years, there has been an explosion of new technologies, instruments, and materials for nonsurgical and surgical endodontics. These developments have improved the precision with which endodontics is performed. The most important revolution has been the introduction and widespread adoption of the operating microscope (OM). Its introduction into dentistry, particularly in endodontic...

This case report presents endodontic management of a mandibular lateral incisor with three canals using surgical dental operating microscope. This study describes the root canal variation of mandibular lateral incisor and highlights the importance of surgical operating microscope in detecting an unusual canal morphology.

Antibiotics are frequently prescribed to aid in the treatment of endodontic pain. Over the past 25years, several surveys of general dentists and endodontists have been conducted that illustrate a persistent pattern of prescribing antibiotics in conjunction with endodontic treatment (1–5). However, despite concurrent advances in our understanding of the biology of inflammatory and infectious pro...

Background: B-cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) levels may increase in response to oral infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate saliva and serum BAFF levels in patients with oral infection and to monitor them after dental treatments. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with an oral infection foci including pericoronitis (n = 7) and irreversible pulpitis (n =...

During clinical endodontic treatment, we often find radiopaque filling material beyond the root apex. Accidental extrusion of calcium hydroxide could cause the injury of inferior alveolar nerve, such as paresthesia or continuous inflammatory response. This case report presents the extrusion of calcium hydroxide and treatment procedures including surgical intervention. A 48 yr old female patient...

This case report describes the non - surgical management of a large periapical lesion using Metapex as intracanal dressing and root canal therapy. Periapical lesions usually develop in non-vital teeth result chronic aggression by pathogenic microorganisms into which may appear radiolucent radiographs. Treatment such varies from non-surgical means depending on individual. In era minimally invasi...

The root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors can present a number of variations . This case report illustrates the abnormal configuration and successful non-surgical endodontic management of complex canal systems in mandibular lateral incisors.

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the frequency of persistent pain after endodontic procedures even though pain is a core patient-oriented outcome. We estimated the frequency of persistent pain, regardless of etiology, after endodontic treatment. METHODS Persistent tooth pain was defined as pain present > or = 6 months after endodontic treatment. Endodontic procedures included in the review ...

Microorganisms are considered as the primary cause for pulpitis and periapical infection which requires endodontic treatment pain relief healthy tooth restoration. Root canal is a sensitive process that proper accurate operative steps accompanied by certain other factors affecting its success. The overall goal of root therefore to prevent or treat disease. Non-surgical therapy should be attempt...