In this paper, we present a layered agent framework in which the negotiation process is performed at different levels of abstractions. In a real time, multiple-tasking, resource-bounded environment, negotiation is not an isolated process but one that interleaved with agent’s many other activities, such as scheduling, execution, and other negotiations. To make the complexities of negotiation mor...

This study tries to investigate the perception of Saudi students at Jazan University about native English-speaking teachers (NEST) and non-native based on their teaching language skills grammar. The 50 English was collected from taught by these teachers. findings show that are outstanding reading, listening speaking. In contrast, very good grammar, reading writing skills. will help government e...

The activity of speaking is conducted spontaneously and there is not much time devoted to preplanning and arranging the utterances the speaker intends to deliver. Briefly defined, gambits and routines refer to the words and phrases that facilitate the flow of conversations. As such, one way to help learners acquire oral proficiency is to teach gambits that support the social skills emphasized. ...

Universities have swiftly transitioned to distance learning during the corona pandemic, and this quick change has had negative impacts on students, including their lack of appropriate communication skills. Naturally, could negatively impact ability communicate effectively in future careers. The current paper aimed identify extent which female students possessed skills pandemic period from persp...

Studies have shown that while children acquire all Cantonese tones by age two, they are not able to label them reliably until approximately age 10. One possible explanation for the large age discrepancy may be the different methodologies used. This study aimed to (1) investigate a new research design for the collection of reliable tone perception data from young children; (2) compare lexical an...

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by frequent and involuntary disruptions during speech production. Adults who stutter are often subject to negative perceptions. The present study examined whether negative social and cognitive impressions are formed when listening to speech, even without any knowledge about the speaker. Two experiments were conducted in which naïve parti...

Human-agent negotiation is a social task that provides a multifaceted proving ground for artificial intelligence systems that aim to interact with humans in a social context. Designing agents that are capable of negotiating with humans provides threefold benefit. First, it allows information regarding human behavior to be gleaned in an efficient and repeatable context through the use of program...

For the past two decades linguists working within the framework of systemic functional linguistics have been developing appraisal theory as a tool for analysing evaluation in discourse. In this talk I will present a brief overview of the current model and then move on to address a number of the challenges that have arisen over the years including distinguishing inscribed from invoked attitude, ...

This paper presents an approach to business process outsourcing (BPO) based on the development of a business architecture. The paper argues that business architecture can form the basis for the effective planning, design and negotiation of a BPO initiative. The approach comprises the following steps: business problem analysis; determination of the required performance standards; in-house versus...