Several distinct molecules involved in maternal-conceptus interactions have been discovered in ruminants. Among these are two families of immunoregulatory molecules that represent genes that have undergone evolution to perform a function distinct from that of the ancestral gene. Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is a product of the trophoblast that retains its antiviral activity and other functions char...

In the biological systems, Monte Carlo approaches are used to provide stochastic simulation of chemical reactions. The major algorithms (SSAs) direct method, also known as Gillespie algorithm, first reaction method and next method. While these methods give accurate generation results, they computationally demanding for large complex systems. To increase computational efficiency SSAs, approximat...

 We study the notion of bounded approximate Connes-amenability for‎ ‎dual Banach algebras and characterize this type of algebras in terms‎ ‎of approximate diagonals‎. ‎We show that bounded approximate‎ ‎Connes-amenability of dual Banach algebras forces them to be unital‎. ‎For a separable dual Banach algebra‎, ‎we prove that bounded‎ ‎approximate Connes-amenability implies sequential approximat...

‎let $r$ be a $*$-prime ring with center‎ ‎$z(r)$‎, ‎$d$ a non-zero $(sigma,tau)$-derivation of $r$ with associated‎ ‎automorphisms $sigma$ and $tau$ of $r$‎, ‎such that $sigma$‎, ‎$tau$‎ ‎and $d$ commute with $'*'$‎. ‎suppose that $u$ is an ideal of $r$ such that $u^*=u$‎, ‎and $c_{sigma,tau}={cin‎ ‎r~|~csigma(x)=tau(x)c~mbox{for~all}~xin r}.$ in the present paper‎, ‎it is shown that...