Objective self-awareness theory contends that focusing attention on the self initiates an automatic comparison of self to standards. To gain evidence for automatic self–standard comparison processes, two experiments manipulated attention to self with subliminal first-name priming. People completed a computer-based parity task after being instructed that the standard was to be fast or to be accu...

OBJECTIVES This study explores the analytic implications of using questions about difficulty with daily activities that do not specify whether to consider assistance. METHODS For 1,054 Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old Study Wave 2 respondents, we compared responses to questions about difficulty without reference to assistance (ambiguous difficulty) to those about difficulty without...

Self-deception entails apparent conceptual paradoxes and poses the dilemma between two competing needs: the need for stability of the self-concept, on the one hand, and the need to accept reality, on the other. It is argued, first, that conceptual difficulties can be avoided by distinguishing two levels of explanation. Whereas, in a personal language, "the person" deceives him- or her-self, a c...

Sonia Butalia, BSc, MD, FRCPC, is a clinical scholar in the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Doreen M Rabi, MD, FRCPC, MSc, is an assistant professor in the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, with cross appointments to the Department of Community Health Sciences and Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of C...

the aim of this study was to examine the effect of overt and covert motivationalself-talk on perceived exertion and performance in a progressive exercise untilexhaustion in wrestlers. the population consisted of wrestlers in urmia and 15volunteer subjects were selected. this study was performed in three sessions with aone-week interval. the first session was held without self–talk while the sec...

the self-talk is one of psychological interventions that can be effective on improving and success in the motor performance and sport performance. so, the aim of the present study was to investigation effectiveness the motivational self-talkon secondary task performance (discrimination reaction time). 30 subjects have participated of the 160 students studying at the undergraduate from faculty o...

menopause is one of the steps in women’s life which is accompanied by reducing physical and psychological abilities. because estrogen and other hormonal influences during menopause affect the brain's regulation of mood, hormonal changes can cause some women to experience anxiety during menopause. anxiety is a psychological state characterized by excessive and persistent worry, tension and ...

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of imagery on self-efficiency and spike implementation of girl volleyball players in Tafresh, considering the mediating role of positive self-talk. For this purpose, in a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design, 45 female football players aged 17-25 with sports record of 6 months to 2 years were selected out of high schools and uni...