Brief experiences while a memory is consolidated may capture the consolidation, perhaps producing a maladaptive memory, or may interrupt the consolidation. Since consolidation occurs during sleep, even fleeting experiences when animals are awakened may produce maladaptive long-term memory, or may interrupt consolidation. In a learning paradigm affecting Aplysia feeding, when animals were traine...

this paper deals with an essential problem which the modern western thinker faced with and tried to find a solution for that in the benefit of modern humanity. this problem is human reason and his free mind. the author tries here to go back to zarathrustrian concept of mind and bring forth some fresh reflections in a comparative way. this will let him to evaluate in the main the view that argue...

spinoza’s theory of mind posits identity of mind and body in opposition to the cartesian dualistic tradition. these dualistic and monistic views of the mind and body have caused many reactions in the contemporary philosophy. feminists have objected to the dualisms which were resulted from cartesian tradition and criticized them. in doing so, they have found spinoza’s philosophy as a resolution ...

social interaction requires the ability to understand people’s mental states (their intentions, desires and believes). the ability for attributing mental states is called “theory of mind.” theory of mind leads the person to explain and predict behavior. researchers showed a great interest in the relation of language and mind/language and thought. some researchers focused on methodological conce...

Since the time of Galileo (1564 – 1642), Western civilization has increasingly fallen under the spell of science. Despite this fact, anthropological and psychological research has shown that magical beliefs are present in both children and adults in modern industrial cultures. How can a belief in magic coexist with a belief in science in the mind of a rational, educated adult? A possible explan...