This paper will explain a range of empirical methods which may be used to analyse quantitative data and empirically test research hypotheses and theoretical models. It is intended to guide students who must undertake such data analysis as part of a master’s dissertation or doctoral level thesis. While it is not intended to be an exhaustive review of data analysis, it does aim to provide readers...

The testing of binary hypotheses is developed from an information-theoretic point of view, and the asymptotic per formance of opt imum hypothesis testers is developed in exact analogy to the asymptotic per formance of opt imum channel codes. The discrimination, introduced by Kullback, is developed in a role analogous to that of mutual information iu channel coding theory. Based on the discrimin...

By interpreting message authentication as a hypothesis testing problem, this paper provides a generalized treatment of information-theoretic lower bounds on an opponent's probability of cheating in one-way message authentication. We consider the authentication of an arbitrary sequence of messages, using the same secret key shared between sender and receiver. The adversary tries to deceive the r...

Software testing is the process of testing bugs in lines of code of a program that can be performed by manual or automation testing. The theory of software testing involves problem definitions of testing such as test team, failure after testing, manual testing, uncertainty principle, participation, and incorrect test case selection. This article shows the details of a critical part of software ...

Property testers are algorithms that distinguish inputs with a given property from those that are far from satisfying the property. Far means that many characters of the input must be changed before the property arises in it. Property testing was introduced by Rubinfeld and Sudan in the context of linearity testing and first studied in a variety of other contexts by Goldreich, Goldwasser and Ro...

Future detection/non-detection of tensor modes from inflation in CMB observations presents a unique way to test certain features of string theory. Current limit on the ratio of tensor to scalar perturbations, r = T/S, is r <∼ 0.3, future detection may take place for r >∼ 10−2 − 10−3. At present all known string theory inflation models predict tensor modes well below the level of detection. Ther...

How much of quantum theory can be experimentally tested? We investigate this question in an extreme scenario, where the experimenter cannot make any assumptions on the quantum description of a device or state. Instead, she can only directly manipulate and interpret classical information. We prove that in this scenario, there is almost nothing that she can ascertain about the internal state of a...

Since the early seventies, the development of the theoretical literature on contracts has been nothing short of explosive. The study of more and more sophisticated abstract models has gone hand in hand with the use of the tools of the theory to better understand many ...elds of economics, such as industrial organization, labor economics, taxation, insurance markets or the economics of banking. ...

A Task Deliverable under a Collaboration between ITL's Statistical Engineering (898) and Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing (897) Divisions to pursue Statistical Methods that may be applicable to Software Testing