BACKGROUND/AIM Few studies have assessed the incidence and risk factors to crown fractures in preschool children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of crown fracture in the primary dentition over a 1-year follow-up period, identify risk factors, and test the hypothesis that children with previous crown fracture are more prone to experience further cases of crown fracture indep...

An increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as major ice storms, can have severe impacts on southern forests. We investigated the damage inflicted by a severe ice storm that occurred in February 2014 on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) ideotypes in Cross, South Carolina located in the southeastern coastal plain. The ‘‘narrow crown” ideotype allocates more resour...

In low ambient temperatures the engine will have poor output torque and power generation at the first cycles of its performance, long start time and huge noxious emissions because of insufficient temperature and quality of air-fuel mixture and failure of flame to burn the charge. It is noted that any attempt to increase the charge temperature leads to better combustion conditions. By applying t...

Crown-ethers have recently been used to assemble porous liquids (PLs), which are liquids with permanent porosity formed by mixing bulky solvent molecules (e.g., 15-crown-5 ether) with solvent-inaccessible organic cages. PLs and crown-ethers belong to a novel class of materials, which can potentially be used for gas separation and storage, but their performance for this purpose needs to be asses...

To analyze the main variables affecting crown biomass, we measured crown biomass and a number of variables describing tree size, such as stem diameter at breast height (D), tree height (H), crown width (Cw) and crown length (Cl), from 754 sample trees of four pine species in China, specifically, Pinus massoniana, P. yunnanensis, P. tabulaeformis and P. elliottii. In addition, we developed indiv...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the retention force changes and wear behaviours of double-crown systems over long-term use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten groups, each consisting of six samples, were evaluated. Specifically, casting gold alloy primary crown - casting gold alloy secondary crown (AA), laser sintering primary crown - laser sintering secondary crown (LL), casting Cr a...

The effect o f K-picrate-18-crown-6 (crown) on the photoelectron transport activity o f beet spinach thylakoid membranes was investigated. Addition o f micromolar concentration o f crown to thylakoid preparation inhibited p-benzoquinone, chloride-indophenol, methyl viologen supported Hill activities maximally by 75 per cent in a concentration dependent manner. However, the photosystem I catalyz...

The pH-profiles of the extraction of Cs(+) into four conventional (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and bis[trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]imides of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-(2-ethylhexyl)-3- methylimidazolium) and two novel (trioctylmethylammonium salicylate and tetrahexylammonium dihexylsulfosuccinate) room temperature ionic liquids have been d...

crown ethers 12-crown-4 (12c4), benzo-15-crown-5 (b15c5), 18-crown-6 (18c6), nitrobenzo-18-crown-6 (nb18c6) dibenzo-18-crown-6 (db18c6) and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (dc18c6), dissolved in dichloromethane, are able to form oxonium-ion complexes in contact with aqueous sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions. this ability allows the transfer of cr(vi) oxanions from the acid media, through an orga...

Treatment of 3,5-diisopropyltriazole, 3,5-diphenyltriazole, 3,5-di-3-pyridyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrrolidinyltetrazole, or tert-butyltetrazole with equimolar quantities of potassium hydride and 18-crown-6 in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature led to slow hydrogen evolution and formation of (3,5-diisopropyl-1,2,4-triazolato)(18-crown-6)potassium (88%), (3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolato)(t...