having briefly been reviewed the historical process of changing the formulae for determining the times of islamic prayers, two newly found formulae and a new rule for establishing the times of prayers would be discussed. these matters have been exploited from four texts, still preserved as manuscript: (1) siyyid ¾?y? al-d?n sh?shtar?’s ¼ad b?b dar macrifa al-a½??rl?b, (2) b?r?n?’s ’ist?c?b f? c...

The distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), previously known as meconium ileus equivalent (MIE), is a condition unique to cystic fibrosis (CF). The syndrome is relatively common, occurring in about 10-22% of patients (Rubinstein et al, 1986; Penketh et al, 1987; Davidson et al, 1987; Dray et al, 2004). It may present at any time after the neonatal period but the incidence increases with ...

cases where bayt al-mal is responsible for payment of compensation are sometimes accompanied by intensification of compensation. the question is that whether bayt al-mal should pay the intensified compensation in such cases. this question has not been answered in juristic and, legal texts. in addition to causing difference in opinions, it has caused courts to doubt generalization of the intensi...

The familiar classical result that a continuous map from a space $X$ to a space $Y$ can be defined by giving continuous maps $varphi_U: U to Y$ on each member $U$ of an open cover ${mathfrak C}$ of $X$ such that $varphi_Umid U cap V = varphi_V mid U cap V$ for all $U,V in {mathfrak C}$ was recently shown to have an exact analogue in pointfree topology, and the same was done for the familiar cla...

purpose: to evaluate residual refractive errors after cataract surgery and its determinant factors at farabi eye hospital, tehran. methods: simple random sampling was done among cataract surgery scheduled patients over a 4 year period (2003-2006). exclusion criteria were uveitis, previous intraocular surgery and ocular trauma. after applying the exclusion criteria, 423 patients were studied. le...