The EU’s common commercial policy is used as an instrument to realize its values in EU trading partners, reflected the inclusion of sustainable trade and development chapters preferential agreements (PTAs). In this paper we ask if including non-trade provisions (NTPs) PTAs has a systematic positive effect on outcomes partner countries. We analyze relationship between bilateral flows, coverage N...

recent strong growth of china’s exports has elevated the country to a rising global economic power and caused geo-political concern to policy-makers in the country and its trading partners world-wide. what are the determinants of this growth, how has it affected major economies in asean (world bank, 2009) in particular, and what kind of evidence-based responses are required and appropriate? the...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. The impact of international trade on economic welfare 3. The interaction between international trade, the environment and sustainable development: traditional theoretical approaches 3.1. The impact of environmental quality on international trade 3.2. The impact of international trade and international trade policy on the environment and environmental policies 3.3. Im...

the least developed and developing countries constitute two third of the members the world trade organizations (wto). these groups of countries have different views and concerns on international trade issues. as far as development is concerned, they have different needs and their economic system is often weak and fragile and therefore, they need extra protection. the wto agreements contain spec...

this article discusses what ethicists have called “unacceptable trade-offs” in health policy choices related to universal health coverage (uhc). since the fiscal space is constrained, trade-offs need to be made. but some trade-offs are unacceptable on the path to universal coverage. unacceptable choices include, among other examples from low-income countries, to expand coverage for services wit...

This paper formulates single and multi-sector-based models as a modeling system and protracts their evolutional paths in a manner that implements modeling synthesis in political demand side pursuant to orthodox model of international trade theory and anatomy of institutional economics, where it is emphasized that implication of disparity in both cross-sectional capacity of benefit expression an...