• The role of ethical motives in consumers' choice of organic food was investigated. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted on a representative sample of 1283 Norwegian adults. The relations between ethical food choice motives, attitudes and intention to consume organic food was studied by estimating a structural equation model. Environmental and animal rights issues had a strong influ...

Many local and global environmental challenges are tragedies-of-the-commons dilemmas in which private and collective interests are frequently at odds. Recent developments in social psychological theory and research suggest that in such commons dilemmas people are not just motivated by narrow (economic) self-interest but that they also consider the broader implications of their decisions for oth...

Many households spend their wealth slowly during retirement, holding much of their wealth into old age. Determining why they do so is made difficult by a fundamental identification problem: retirees’ saving decisions reflect the combined strength of precautionary and bequest motives. Given the substantial medical spending and mortality risks that retirees face, savings are spent primarily on pr...

In this lecture, we will address problems 3 and 4. First, continuing from the previous lecture, we will view BaumWelch Re-estimation as an instance of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and prove why the EM algorithm maximizes data likelihood. Then, we will proceed to discuss discriminative training under the maximum mutual information estimation (MMIE) framework. Specifically, we will...

The re la t i onsh ip between motives, emotions and learning in the design of i n t e l l i g e n t systems has received r e l a t i v e l y l i t t l e considera t ion to date. C l a r i f i c a t i o n of the r e l a t i o n ship involves tack l i ng fundamental questions such as the su rv i va l value or adaptive funct ion of motives and emotions in i n t e l l i g e n t systems, the nature ...

BACKGROUND Sher, Grekin, and Williams (2005) pointed out the existence of 4 main etiological, but not mutually exclusive, models that might explain the development of alcohol use and misuse. The aim of the present study was to explore 3 of these 4 pathways in which psychological (personality and drinking motives) and environmental (child maltreatment) variables may play a relevant role: positiv...