BACKGROUND Currently available smoking cessation therapies have limited success rates. Varenicline tartrate is a novel, selective nicotinic receptor partial agonist developed specifically for smoking cessation. This study evaluated the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 3 varenicline doses for smoking cessation. Bupropion hydrochloride was included as an active control. METHODS A phase 2, ...

Introduction: Retinoid signaling has been argued to have favorable effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied the role of chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the amyloid-beta (Aβ) model of AD. Methods: Adult male rats weighing 260-330 g were divided into 12 groups of 8 each. Six groups of rats received ATRA (3nM, 30nM, 3μM, 0.3mM, 30...

BACKGROUND CYP3A4 induction by efavirenz (EFV) persists after drug cessation; we assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy and safety of maraviroc (MVC) administered to HIV-infected individuals switching from EFV-containing therapy. METHODS Patients with R5-tropic virus and suppressed viral load on two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus EFV switched EFV to ...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between different indices of milk yield andbody condition score (bcs) with the commencement of the luteal activity (c-la) during the postpartumperiod in high producing dairy cows. seventy-one multiparous healthy (free of detectable reproductivedisorders) holstein dairy cows (mean peak milk yield = 56.7 ± 7.4 kg) were used in the prese...

The effects of four different intervention strategies on the incidence of severe lesions of digital dermatitis in an experimental dairy herd were compared with the effects of a control strategy consisting of walking the cows twice through a footbath containing 4 per cent formaldehyde on one day a week for 24 weeks. The four alternative strategies were the same treatment every other week; standi...