the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

abstractof two mcall programs introducing 100 vocabulary items through two im the researcher of the present study was intrigued to compare the effects age modalities (pictures and streaming video) with those of a conventional method (teacher instruction) in an efl context. she set out to investigate whether such multimedia environments could provide a more effective environment for vocabulary...

abstract: in this thesis, we focus to class of convex optimization problem whose objective function is given as a linear function and a convex function of a linear transformation of the decision variables and whose feasible region is a polytope. we show that there exists an optimal solution to this class of problems on a face of the constraint polytope of feasible region. based on this, we dev...

Introduction: Mass media plays a crucial role in information distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that the information provided by mass media reflects the media’s incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups’ influence in policy-making. A few empirical studies have tried to assess the effect of me...

Introduction: Mass media plays a crucial role in information distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that the information provided by mass media reflects the media’s incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups’ influence in policy-making. A few empirical studies have tried to assess the effect of me...

background: organic nitrates relax all kinds of smooth muscle , not only vascular smooth muscle , a fact that has allowed the use of these drugs to treat many different aliments. objective.-the purpuse of this study was to examine prosepectively benefical effects , if any, of sublingual nitroglycerin on the pain of renal colic. design.- prospective , randomised , double blind, placebo- contoled...