INTRODUCTION The purpose of this ecological study was to evaluate the urban spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, between 2006 and 2009 and to evaluate its relationship with factors of social vulnerability such as income and education level. METHODS We evaluated data from TBWeb, an electronic notification system for TB ...

This paper reviews research traditions of vulnerability to environmental change and the challenges for present vulnerability research in integrating with the domains of resilience and adaptation. Vulnerability is the state of susceptibility to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of capacity to adapt. Antecedent traditions include t...

By conceptualising local seismic construction practices as capital, this paper proposes a theoretical framework within which its conservation can be envisioned as a means to reducing vulnerability and moving towards more sustainable development. The application of the proposed conceptual framework is demonstrated in the case of Lefkada Island in Greece. Each of the four key constructs (local se...

BACKGROUND Social vulnerability is related to the health of elderly people, but its measurement and relationship to frailty are controversial. The aims of the present study were to operationalize social vulnerability according to a deficit accumulation approach, to compare social vulnerability and frailty, and to study social vulnerability in relation to mortality. METHODS AND FINDINGS This i...

Health insecurity has emerged as a major concern among health policy-makers particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It includes the inability to secure adequate healthcare today and the risk of being unable to do so in the future as well as impoverishing healthcare expenditure. The increasing health insecurity among 150 million of the world’s poor has moved social protection i...

The assessment of the stability and the vulnerability of complex networks is the important concept while studying of them. In the literature, a sort of measures have been given in order to assessment the stability of systems. And also, some graph-theoretic parameters have been formed to provide formulas which calculate the reliability of a network. In this paper, we study the vulnerability of s...

Accessibility is a key measure of the vulnerability road networks to disruptions such as floods. However, studies comparing contribution parameters accuracy accessibility-based assessment are lacking. We propose modifying two accessibility measures include flood-affected populations, opportunities, and average shortest travel time. also applied three methods including divergent ranking method i...