BACKGROUND People's behaviors and intentions about healthy behaviors depend on their beliefs, values, and knowledge about the issue. Various models of health education are used in deter¬mining predictors of different healthy behaviors but their efficacy in cultural behaviors, such as water saving behaviors, are not studied. The study was conducted to explain water saving beha¬viors in Yazd, Ira...

unsustainable harvesting of agricultural water resources in the province of kerman, has caused an annual average of one-meter drop in ground water levels. surface irrigation methods in pistachio trees have low efficiency because of inherent characteristics and its incorrect application, as well as low access to water resource in pistachio regions. therefore under the current critical condition,...

crop’s water use efficiency (wue) is one of the major indices for the efficient use of water for crop production in agriculture. based on scientific literatures, the concept of wue has been defined in all crop management, farm/field, and water basin/irrigation network domains. plant in particular, plays an important role in the efficient use of water and enhancement of wue. plant resistance to ...

Interannual salinity variations in North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) are well known although the cause is less well understood. Attempts to model local salinity variation with local evaporation and precipitation have not been successful and some authors invoke advection of low salinity water as the cause. Examination of the STMW and North American river runoff data suggests that runo...

Marine elasmobranchs maintain internal osmolality higher than their external environment, resulting in an osmotic gradient for branchial water uptake. This gradient is markedly increased in low-salinity habitats. The subsequent increase in water uptake presents a challenge to volume homeostasis. The Atlantic stingray is a marine elasmobranch that inhabits a remarkable range of environmental sal...

Invasive plants are recognized for their impressive abilities to withstand adverse environmental conditions however, all invaders do not express the similar abilities. Therefore, survival, growth, nutrient uptake and fecundity of two co-occurring, invasive Physalis species were tested under water and salinity stresses, and different soil textures in the current study. Five different water stres...

Locations and compositions of submarine ground water discharge (SGD), which constitutes sources to coastal zones of low salinity water, terrestrial contaminants, and solutes with concentrations elevated by diagenetic reactions, may be altered in tropical settings where widespread mangrove forests increase salinity of shallow pore waters through evapotranspiration. The red mangrove (Rhizophora m...

In a field experiment the effects of irrigation with saline drainage water (seasonal average of 4.5 dS/m) and non-saline water (0.55 dS/m) applied by two different water management strategies (cyclic or blended saline water with non-saline water in different ratios) and two different irrigation methods (drip or furrow) were studied on growth and productivity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M...

Perchlorate (ClO4 ) has been detected in numerous ground and surface waters, and has recently been added to the drinking water Candidate Contaminant List in the United States. Perchlorate can be removed from drinking water using ion exchange, but this results in the production of highly saline (7–12%) perchlorate-contaminated brines. Perchlorate-degrading microbial enrichments capable of growth...