For sentence compression, we propose new semantic constraints to directly capture the relations between a predicate and its arguments, whereas the existing approaches have focused on relatively shallow linguistic properties, such as lexical and syntactic information. These constraints are based on semantic roles and superior to the constraints of syntactic dependencies. Our empirical evaluation...

A perceptual discrimination test was conducted to investigate whether humans can discriminate prosodic types solely based on suprasegmental acoustic cues. Excerpts from Chinese, English, Spanish, and Japanese, differing in lexical accent types and rhythm types, were used. From these excerpts, “source” signals of the source-filter model, differing in F0, intensity, and HNR, were created and used...

1. Explain the difference between scientific and “soft” determinism. 2. What is the one miracle that would happen in a predeterministic universe? 3. Explain the difference between predestination and fatalism. How does the short characterization of the doctrine of fatalism in this chapter differ from the lexical definition of “fatalism”? 4. If our choices are not due to chance, reason, or causes...

We investigate children’s online predictive processing as it occurs naturally, in conversation. We showed 1–7 year-olds short videos of improvised conversation between puppets, controlling for available linguistic information through phonetic manipulation. Even oneand two-year-old children made accurate and spontaneous predictions about when a turn-switch would occur: they gazed at the upcoming...

Distributed representations of words have been shown to capture lexical semantics, as demonstrated by their effectiveness in word similarity and analogical relation tasks. But, these tasks only evaluate lexical semantics indirectly. In this paper, we study whether it is possible to utilize distributed representations to generate dictionary definitions of words, as a more direct and transparent ...

since welfare, as a philosophical issue, has considered as an indication of man’s highest intellectual status and dignity, it always attracted the philosopher’s attention and they continuously asked weather: -did all philosophers agree about the same meaning of welfare? -did they agree about its determination and dimensions? -can welfare from the philosophical meaning contain religious or ethic...

good governance is an idea which has many advocates and opponents. from last years of 1980s this term became common. however, there is not any clear definition or description for good governance or even governance. though unanimity on its characteristics is invisible, it is possible to consider eight characteristics for god governance: participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law, r...

the philosophy of kalam science is an external view about kalam that focuses on conceptual and confirmative principles like: definition, subject, the origins of emanation, approaches, historical stages, and other general criteria. from martyr motahharii’s point of view the function of kalam, as a completely islamic knowledge is the clarification of islamic proofs and defense of religious misgiv...