1. The distinction between semelparity and iteroparity is one of the most fundamental in life-history biology. Despite an abundance of theory proposed to explain the evolution of this dichotomy, few quantitative empirical tests exist. 2. We report here on life-history variation in the perennial herb Arabis fecunda (Brassicaceae), in which differences in the frequency of iteroparity and terminal...

We analyzed sequence variation for chalcone synthase (Chs) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) loci in 28 species in the genera Arabidopsis and Arabis and related taxa from tribe Arabideae. Chs was single-copy in nearly all taxa examined, while Adh duplications were found in several species. Phylogenies constructed from both loci confirmed that the closest relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana include ...

This research is an attempt to compare the views of Farabi and Ibn Sina on the question of happiness, which is discussed in two parts: the definition of happiness and its relation to the faculties of the soul. Farabi has suggested five definitions and Ibn Sina one definition for happiness. It will be shown that in some respects the definition of Ibn Sina and in some others those of Farabi are m...

Mystical experiences represent a fundamental dimension of human existence. These experiences are commonly reported across all cultures. A mystical experience subjectively is characterized by encountering the divine in a way that disrupts the normal sense of self . The definitions of mystical experience used in research and clinical publications vary considerably, ranging from "upheaval of the t...

This paper looks at the mystical topic of munājāt, or intimate dialogue, typically between a worshipper and their Lord, how it relates to Ibn al-‘Arabī’s waḥdat al-wujūd (Unity Being). The first works situate munājāt within current surrounding body Sufi devotional literature Islamic intellectual tradition. Then goes on examine as prayer reflects larger metaphysical treatises, particularly al-wu...

the present article is to explain ibn sina’s view on the god’s knowledge of things by rational-analytic method. peripatetic philosophers including ibn sina have used the expression representation (irtisam) in discussing divine foreknowledge of things. commentators and critics of avicenna’s works had not the same interpretation of this expression but had given different understandings of it so t...

A book called the Zohar emerged during the Middle Ages, giving rise to a Jewish form of mystical speculation known as the "Cabala" and creating strong interest in the system's mystical teachings in both Jewish and Christian circles. During the Renaissance, Pico, Reuchlin, and Ricci led in applying the Zohar's mystical teachings to the OT in defense of Christian doctrines such at that of the Tri...

Let IBn be the set of all irreducible matrices in Bn and let SIBn be the set of all symmetric matrices in IBn. Finding an upper bound for the set of indices of matrices in IBn and SIBn and determining gaps in the set of indices of matrices in IBn and SIBn has been studied by many researchers. In this paper, we establish a best upper bound for the set of weak exponents of indecomposability of ma...