Multiple representations in learning materials are usually employed in order to foster understanding. However, they also impose high demands on the learners (e.g., need for integration). By embedding multi-representations in workedout examples, cognitive capacity is released that can be used for self-explanations on the integration and understanding of multiple representations. The effects of t...

Although instructional explanations are commonly provided when learners are introduced to new content, they often fail because they are not integrated into effective learning activities. The recently introduced active-constructive-interactive framework posits an effectiveness hierarchy in which interactive learning activities are at the top; these are then followed by constructive and active le...

OBJECTIVE To determine the views of doctors and nurses about two recent innovations in the structure of case notes: the use of preprinted prompts and the use of joint medical and nursing notes. DESIGN Questionnaire survey of all doctors and nurses working on the children's wards. SETTING Children's wards in a district general hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Whether or not respondents want...

The co-evolution model of collaborative knowledge building by Cress & Kimmerle (2008) assumes that cognitive and social processes interact when users build knowledge with shared digital artifacts. While these assumptions have been tested in various lab experiments, a test under natural field conditions in educational settings has not been conducted. Here, we present a field experiment where we ...

Reflection is an activity which needs facilitation in order to motivate users to engage in it regularly. In a study we analyzed how prompts can support reflection in a workplace setting. Results show that prompts might be beneficial to stimulate users to write new topics. Our results show that if user generate own prompts, user reply more often in comparison to our generic prompts.