iranian society was a patriarchal one in which men had normally the highest authorities in political, social and economic relations and women often were absent from the scene of the official policy. but, since the prior qualification of the king was his attachment to the royal origins and family, the female’s rule was practiced in the case of unavailability of the mature males. thus, seyr-al mo...

Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CECMR) imaging is becoming accepted as a reference “gold standard” for noninvasive estimation of myocardial infarct (MI) size against which other infarct sizing techniques, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), are judged (1–3). The advantages of CE-CMR are obvious (4). However, as emphasized in an editorial by Engblom et al. (5), an essential step b...

Abstract Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) wrote his tome Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya to refute Ašʿarī kalām theologian Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s 606/1210) argument in Taʾsīs al-taqdīs that God is not corporeal, located, or spatially extended. the largest known refutation of incorporealism Islamic tradition, and was apparently most sophisticated work its kind circulating Taymiyya’s Mamlūk scholarly milieu. d...

Pharmacy which is an art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and Materia Medica gives the names, sources physical characters and chemical properties of herbs or substances used in medicine and their doses have been interwoven connected with medicine from the time immorial. This can be traced back to the findings of ancient Egyptian and Unani Physician like Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) Di...