IMPORTANCE Although advancing age is the strongest risk factor for the development of symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD), recent studies have shown that there are individual differences in susceptibility to age-related alterations in the biomarkers of AD pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether cognitive reserve (CR) modifies the adverse influence of age on key cerebrospinal fluid (C...

Relative to a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ we introduce a dimension for a module $M$, called {em $tau$-rank of} $M$, which coincides with the reduced rank of $M$ whenever $tau$ is the Goldie torsion theory. It is shown that the $tau$-rank of $M$ is measured by the length of certain decompositions of the $tau$-injective hull of $M$. Moreover, some relations between the $tau$-rank of $M$ and c...

CONTEXT Small single-center studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may be useful to identify incipient Alzheimer disease (AD) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but large-scale multicenter studies have not been conducted. OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of CSF beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42), total tau protein (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at...

Background: Increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for neurological diseases, but the underlying pathophysiology has not been adequately explained. Methods: We evaluated concentrations of tHcy, S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), folate, and vitamin B12 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma or serum from 182 patients with different neurological dis...

BACKGROUND Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and its incorporation into neurofibrillary tangles are major hallmarks of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Different tau phosphoepitopes can be sensitively detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic accuracy of CSF concentrations of tau proteins phosphorylated at 3 pat...

‎Let $R$ be a $*$-prime ring with center‎ ‎$Z(R)$‎, ‎$d$ a non-zero $(sigma,tau)$-derivation of $R$ with associated‎ ‎automorphisms $sigma$ and $tau$ of $R$‎, ‎such that $sigma$‎, ‎$tau$‎ ‎and $d$ commute with $'*'$‎. ‎Suppose that $U$ is an ideal of $R$ such that $U^*=U$‎, ‎and $C_{sigma,tau}={cin‎ ‎R~|~csigma(x)=tau(x)c~mbox{for~all}~xin R}.$ In the present paper‎, ‎it is shown that if charac...

Abstract The proposed future $$e^- p$$ e - p collider provides sufficient energies to produce the Standard Model Higgs Boson ( h ) through $$W^\pm $$ W ± and Z -Boson fusion in charged neutral cur...

BACKGROUND White matter lesions (WMLs) are a common finding in patients with dementia. This study investigates the relationship between WMLs, hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Baseline levels of tau, P-tau and β-amyloid 1-42 in CSF, the presence of WMLs in the brain, and the APOE ...