PURPOSE Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV) represent a promising therapy for glioblastoma (GBM), but their clinical success has been limited. Early innate immune responses to viral infection reduce oHSV replication, tumor destruction, and efficacy. Here, we characterized the antiviral effects of macrophages and microglia on viral therapy for GBM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Quantitative flow cyt...

Objective(s) Using herbal medicines as a complementary treatment method is increasing in wide variety of diseases. MS14-an herbal-marine preparation-is reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities; however, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect is not known. Macrophages play an important role in host defense mechanisms and carry out their role by producing vario...

Pulmonary TNFα has been linked to reduced exercise capacity in a subset of patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that prolonged, high expression of pulmonary TNFα impairs cardiac and skeletal muscle function, and both contribute to exercise limitation. Using a surfactant protein C promoter-TNFα construct, TNFα was overexpressed throughout...

Background: Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) upregulation during acute inflammatory response has been associated with numerous cardiac effects including modulating Connexin43 and vascular permeability. This may in turn alter cardiac gap junctional (GJ) coupling and extracellular volume (ephaptic coupling) respectively. We hypothesized that acute exposure to pathophysiological TNFα levels can modu...

INTRODUCTION TNFα is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the effects of certolizumab pegol, a TNFα blocker, on endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. METHODS Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were stimulated with TNFα with or without certolizumab pegol. TNFα-induced adhesion molecule ex...

tumor necrosis factor -alpha (tnfα) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays critical roles in the regulation of immune responses including macrophages activity and apoptosis. tnfα gene is polymorphic and its haplotypes have been associated with resistance or susceptibility to disease. this study was undertaken to identify the polymorphism of tnfα gene in makoei sheep, using polymerase chain re...