OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder as an intervention for cancer pain management. DATA SOURCES Systematic search of MEDLINE from 1982 to 1995, hand search of textbooks and meeting proceedings, reference lists, and direct contact with authors. STUDY SELECTION Studies of any methodological de...

where S is the Landweber-Novikov algebra. S has the added advantage of being a cocommutative Hopf algebra over Z. This paper does not remove this difficulty, but we will show that the monoid of multiplicative operations in BP*BP, (i.e. those operations which induce ring endomorphisms on BP*X for any space X)9 which we will denote by Γ{BP), has a submonoid analogous to the monoid of multiplicati...

The manual labeling of data is and will remain a costly endeavor. For this reason, semi-supervised learning remains a topic of practical importance. The recently proposed Ladder Network is one such approach that has proven to be very successful. In addition to the supervised objective, the Ladder Network also adds an unsupervised objective corresponding to the reconstruction costs of a stack of...

Murine purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) has been cloned and sequenced. An ICR macrophage murine cDNA library (Clontech Laboratories) was screened with a 246 base pair (bp) RNA probe to the 3' coding region of human PNP (1) (obtained from S.R.Williams). Seven clones were obtained, their sequence spanning 1161 bp. The deduced amino acid (AA) sequence of an open reading frame from bp 3 to 770...

Background and Purpose—Adequate control of blood pressure (BP) is a cornerstone in stroke prevention. This study explored the risk of stroke in relation to the quality of BP control in a population-based cohort and whether control of hypertension was related to background characteristics of patients. Methods—A total of 27 936 subjects (10 953 men and 16 983 women), 45 to 73 years old, living in...

In many cells, the process of apoptosis is accompanied by endonuclease-mediated double-strand cleavage of DNA between nucleosomes, resulting in the production of discrete fragments of 200 bp or multiples thereof. To address the question of whether this endonuclease attack occurs randomly or nonrandomly along chromosomes, we first constructed chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization probes ...