The purpose of this essay was to examine and evaluate Abū Yaʿrub al-Marzūqī’s criticism the maqāṣid theory. Al-Marzūqī is mostly concerned with epistemology ethics. He contends that theory insufficient assert access God’s meaning in Islamic law, since it based on shaky processes knowledge, particularly ratiocination, taʿlīl. On other hand, he challenges jurists’ authority define goals law absen...

shikārnāmeh-ye malikshāhī (the malikshāhī book of hunting) which is also known as shikārnāmeh-ye khusrawī, is a book prepared in the 5th ah/11th ad century by malikshāh’s order and niẓām al-mulk’s patronage. the book’s actual redaction is due to abū al-ḥassan niyshābūrī. this book refers to many other books on falconry and hunting (bāznāmeh and shikārnāmeh) especially the translation of the “sh...

in this article the author investigates al-ghazzali’s views on the volitional aspect of the soul. al-ghazzali divides the volitional aspect of the human into two levels, human and animal. his use of terms such as practical faculty, practical reason, power and will for human volition raises the important question of whether practical reason has cognitive character and whether it is a stimulus. s...

there is not much information about the life and the works of abū al-ma‘ālī nasrollāh munshī, and his only known work is a translation of kalila and dimna.  but he had composed poems too. there are three of his quatrains in lobab al-albab. there are also two lines of his arabic verses in his translation of kalila and dimna which had composed in praise of king bahram. it can be taken as another ...