Race is a prominent category in medicine. Epidemiologists describe how rates of morbidity and mortality vary with race, and doctors consider the race of their patients when deciding whether to test them for sickle-cell anemia or what drug to use to treat their hypertension. At the same time, critics of racial classification say that race is not real but only an illusion or that race is scientif...

The purpose of this paper is the calculation of Unbalanced Magnetic Force (UMF) in permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) machines with diametrically asymmetric winding and investigation of UMF variations in the presence of phase advance angle. This paper presents an analytical model of UMF in surface mounted PMBLDC machines that have a fractional ratio of slot number to pole number. This model...

The rate of step propagation for an isolated, continuous and curved step with bulk diffusion is solved within the steady-state approximation and it is noted that the Chernov model of parallel sequence of step advance is without effort adapted to the curved step. The solution of the Laplace equation in toroidal coordinates for a diffusion layer of arbitrary extension yields the diffusion flux de...

BACKGROUND Currently, intensive care medicine strives to define a generally accepted way of dealing with end-of-life decisions, therapy limitation and therapy discontinuation.In 2006 a new advance directive legislation was enacted in Austria. Patients may now document their personal views regarding extension of treatment. The aim of this survey was to explore Austrian intensive care physicians'...

It is well known that the performance of eigenvalue algorithms such as the Lanczos and the Arnoldi method depends on the distribution of eigenvalues. Under fairly general assumptions we characterize the region of good convergence for the Isometric Arnoldi Process. We also determine bounds for the rate of convergence and we prove sharpness of these bounds. The distribution of isometric Ritz valu...

Munchausen syndrome by proxy was described 35 years ago,1 and yet it remains a complicated, controversial, and confusing condition. The term was initially limited to circumstances in which a caregiver surreptitiously injured the child or the child’s symptoms were fabricated, both leading to unnecessary or potentially harmful medical care. Over time, the spectrum of Munchausen syndrome by proxy ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the use of health services and socioeconomic status among a public university workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 759 workers at a Brazilian public university who reported health-related restrictions of their usual activities in the previous 14 days, was carried out. Data were supplied by the 2001 cohort of the "Pró-Saúde Study" in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern B...

furrow irrigation is the most common type of surface irrigation. determine the advance and recession time in the field is required the accurate measurement and this can be costly and time consuming. winsrfr model is used for simulation furrow irrigation by zero inertia and kinematic wave engines. using this model, advance time, reaction time, infiltration depth, runoff depth and application eff...

BACKGROUND Sleep is a modifiable lifestyle factor that can be a target for efficient intervention studies to improve the quality of life and decrease the risk or burden of some chronic conditions. Knowing the profiles of individuals with poor sleep patterns is therefore a prerequisite. Wearable devices have recently opened new areas in medical research as potential efficient tools to measure li...

The use of proxy respondents in household surveys can be a source of information bias in epidemiological studies. This study assesses the agreement, reliability, magnitude, and direction of possible biases as well as the influence of proxy characteristics on the disagreements between self-report and proxy reports among 710 pairs of primary-secondary respondents. The influence of the proxy persp...