background and objectives: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains are divided into community associated (ca-) and hospital associated (ha-) mrsa. these strains vary in antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity. s. aureus is one of the most common microorganisms in ocular infections. this study was aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic characterist...

Objective(s): Macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pose an emerging problem globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ermB and mefA genes (macrolide resistant genes) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and to detect drug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples to macrolides and other antibiotic agents by E-test method. Materia...

Staphylococcus aureus is colonized in the human nasal cavity and would contaminate hospital and therapeutic environments. This bacterium has a genetic diversity in terms of resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was identificatied of Methicillin and Vancomycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains which has been isolated from the nasal cavity. 189 pa...

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to detect spvA, int2 and invC virulence genes of different Salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources, and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. Using a PCR assay, a total of ...

salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. the aims of this study were to detect spva, int2 and invc virulence genes of different salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources, and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. using a pcr assay, a total of ...

An oligonucleotide microarray detecting 189 Escherichia coli virulence genes or markers and 30 antimicrobial resistance genes was designed and validated using DNA from known reference strains. This microarray was confirmed to be a powerful diagnostic tool for monitoring emerging E. coli pathotypes and antimicrobial resistance, as well as for environmental, epidemiological, and phylogenetic stud...

objective(s):to date, the most important genes responsible for tetracycline resistance among acinetobacter baumannii isolates have been identified as tet a and tet b. this study was carried out to determine the rate of resistance to tetracycline and related antibiotics, and mechanisms of resistance.  materials and methods: during the years 2010 and 2011, a total of 100 a. baumannii isolates wer...

Infections due to Escherichia coli have been costly to the poultry industry, but the exact virulence mechanisms used by these organisms to cause disease in birds remain undefined. Several factors have been shown to contribute to the virulence of avian E. coli, and many of the genes encoding these factors have been found on large conjugative plasmids. Because of the occurrence of antimicrobial r...