BACKGROUND Treatment-refractory visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has become an important problem in many countries. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the antimony-resistance mechanisms of Leishmania infantum isolated from VL patients refractory or responsive to treatment with pentavalent antimony. METHODS Strains isolated from antimony-refractory patients (in vitro antimony-resistant isolates) and antimony-re...

It is now well established that vision in dim light is due to the photochemical decomposition of “visual purple,” a pigment present in the rods of the retina (1). Visual purple is believed to be a conjugated protein in which vitamin A or one of its derivatives is a prosthetic group (2). As might be expected, the spectral sensitivity curve of the eye parallels the absorption spectrum of visual p...

When hydroboration of 1-octene is carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of rhodium trichloride followed by the usual oxidation (hydrogen peroxide in aqueous alkali), only minor proportions of 1-octanol (2.4%) are formed accompanied by very significant amounts of 2- (17.4%), 3- (36.9%), and 4-octanol (43.3%). These product compositions are obtained in good overall yield when the boran...

2,4-Dichloro-, 4,6-dichloro-, 2,4,6-trichloroand tetrachloropyrimidine undergo nucleophilic displacements by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine to give (pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)-1,1’-bis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] dichloride, (pyrimidine-4,6-diyl)-1,1’-bis[4-(dimethylamino)-pyridinium] dichloride, (pyrimidine-2,4,6-triyl)-1,1’,1”-tris[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] trichloride, and (5chloropyrimidine-2,4,6-...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chromium malate on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme levels and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats, and dose-response and curative effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of type 2 diabetes rats was developed, and daily treatment with chromium malate was given for 4 weeks. A rat enzyme-linked immun...

Until ten years ago the grids of lead-acid batteries were usually made of lead-antimony alloys containing 5-11 wt. % antimony. The necessary mechanical strength and castability are easily achieved with this content of antimony. However, the unavoidable corrosion of the positive grid liberates antimony from the grid, which proves to be both unfavorable as well as unfavorable with respect to batt...