We consider the possibility that single-source multicast (SSM) will become a universal multicast service, enabling large-scale distribution of content from a few well-known sources to a general audience. Operating under this assumption, we explore the problem of building the traditional IP model of any-source multicast on top of SSM. Toward this end, we design an SSM proxy service that allows a...

Sensitivity analysis, combined with parametric optimization, is often presented as a way of checking if the solution of a deterministic linear program is reliable—even if some of the parameters are not fully known but are instead replaced by a best guess, often a sample mean. It is customary to claim that if the region over which a certain basis is optimal is large, one is fairly safe by using ...

One of the major obstacles in developing reliable walking neural prostheses is poor performance of the sensors which are used for gait phases identification. Improper functioning of these sensors causes wrong stimulation pattern selection and wrong stimulation sequencing of the walking neural prostheses. These malfunctions often cause unstable walking patterns in patients that are using the pro...

objectives: to implement goal-directed subsidies policy in framework of the its law is being seriously followed by state. implementing this policy as it has been defined in the law could be a deep surgery of economy with big negative consequences both in demand and supply sides if its theoretical foundation is wrong. hence, this paper aims to evaluate the theoretical sufficiency of neoclassical...

AbstractDecision-making is usually a secondary topic in psychology, relegated to the last chapters of textbooks. The psychological study of decision-making assumes a certain conception of its nature and mechanisms that has been shown wrong by research in robotics. Robotics indicates that decision-making is not—or at least not only—an intellectual task, but also a process of dynamic behavioral c...

HYPOTHESIS Wrong-side/wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and wrong-patient adverse events (WSPEs) are devastating, unacceptable, and often result in litigation, but their frequency and root causes are unknown. Wrong-side/wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and wrong-patient events are likely more common than realized, with little evidence that current prevention practice is adequate. DESIGN Analysis of se...

In this letter, we propose a learning system, active decision fusion learning (ADFL), for active fusion of decisions. Each decision maker, referred to as a local decision maker, provides its suggestion in the form of a probability distribution over all possible decisions. The goal of the system is to learn the active sequential selection of the local decision makers in order to consult with and...

Isaac Levi has long criticized causal decision theory on the grounds that it requires deliberating agents to make predictions about their own actions. A rational agent cannot, he claims, see herself as free to choose an act while simultaneously making a prediction about her likelihood of performing it. Levi is wrong on both points. First, nothing in causal decision theory forces agents to make ...

In adversarial situations, the input data to an algorithm could be manipulated to make the algorithm produce erroneous output or to make a wrong decision. The paper presents a formal definition and a model of algorithm manipulation from a game-theoretic point of view. Algorithm manipulation is viewed as a game between a decision maker and an adversary. The decision maker runs an algorithm to ma...