Tanning is the process of converting raw skin and hides from different animals into a sustainable manageable material called leather. Leather making very long consists many chemical mechanical steps. The most important step whole leather tanning step, which performed commonly either by vegetable or mineral tanning. More than 85-90% chrome tanning, common type currently applied.

Mass customization can be defined as producing goods and services to meet individual customer’s needs with near mass production efficiency [1]. This term was coined to parallel mass production that relied on producing large volumes of identical products like the Ford Model T line. The fundamental difference between mass production and mass customization is in the amount of product variety that ...

It is based on the experiments conducted for study of chromium removal and recovery from chrome tanning waste water of leather industry for chromium removal about 98.5% was achieved at pH 8.0 and at this pH reduction of COD is 61.5 % and percentage for removal of color from the wastewater of leather industry is 99.5% under applying the batch experimental condition. For this purpose, it is carri...

Carbonaceous porous materials derived from leather skin residues have been found to have excellent CO₂ adsorption properties, with interestingly high gas selectivities for CO₂ (α > 200 at a gas composition of 15% CO₂/85% N₂, 273K, 1 bar) and capacities (>2 mmol·g-1 at 273 K). Both CO₂ isotherms and the high heat of adsorption pointed to the presence of strong binding sites for CO₂ which may be ...

Leukaemia Research Fund the condition is unlikely to be appreciably more common than our figures suggest. Statistical analysis is inappropriate for the small number of cases reported here, but, unless the calculation of the population of elderly shoe repairers at risk in our area is a large underestimate, our findings suggest an association between the occupation and the disease. Several other ...

Grainger’s Free Music remains a rich source of discovery for contemporary Australian musicians. Free Music represents a significant departure point for electronic musicians and instrument makers searching for new musical language, form and expression. This paper presents research undertaken by the Bent Leather Band exploring Grainger’s Free Music ideas within a 21 century music-making context e...

The visual inspection system was developed for defects detection on leather surfaces, which is an important component of automatic CAD/CAM cutting systems. The main functions of the system are quality control and raw material cutting. An efficient algorithm, which combines multiresolution approach, energy and entropy matrices, is presented for detection of defects embedded in leather surface im...

Silver ions are a strong antiseptic with a broad spectrum. Treatment of textiles and leather with nanosilver particles is a new idea for real clean wear. The nanometer-size particles have a large specific surface resulting in the release of silver ions in antiseptic concentration. One way to investigate nanosilver treated leather is the intrinsic fluorescence of organic material. This fluoresce...

This paper presents an important problem for the Brazilian economy, the classification of bovine raw hide and leather, and argues that this problem can be handled by computer vision and machine learning techniques. Some promising results, using standard techniques, like color based models and cooccurrence matrix based texture analysis, are reported. The paper also presents what seems to be the ...