on one hand, iran due to the low annual rainfall and lack of appropriate spatial and temporal distribution in precipitation is considered as an arid and semi-arid country experiencing stress and water scarcity; on the other hand, 90% of annual water consumption has been allocated to agriculture sector in iran and efficiency and productivity of water consumption do not enjoy favorable status in ...

Hari D. Upadhyaya, Mani Vetriventhan, Santosh P. Deshpande, and Selvanayagam Sivasubramani, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India; Hari D. Upadhyaya, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; C. To...

Cactaceae represents one of the most species-rich families of succulent plants native to arid and semi-arid ecosystems, yet the associations Cacti establish with microorganisms and the rules governing microbial community assembly remain poorly understood. We analyzed the composition, diversity, and factors influencing above- and below-ground bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities associate...

This paper documents a significant impact of climate variation on urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in arid countries. By lowering farm incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow it. The paper also provides evidence for ruralurban linkages. In countries where cities are starting to develop an industrial base, reduced mo...

Soil and water are the two most important basic factors for ensuring sustainable agricultural production. On other hand, supplying quality sufficient irrigation from nature production is getting harder day by day. The decrease or pollution of natural resources irrigated agriculture, especially in arid semi-arid climatic regions, necessitates making agriculture with use low-quality water. Low-qu...

Increasing population leads to intensification of water shortage problems in arid regions. Agriculture sector is the main user of water in Iran. Bushehr province with an arid and semiarid climate is located in the south of Iran. Improvement of water productivity (WP), the value or benefit derived from the use of water, is essential in the agriculture sector for achieving food security and susta...