Humans are endowed with an intuitive number sense that allows us to perceive and estimate numerosity without relying on language. It is controversial, however, as to whether there is a neural mechanism for direct perception of numerosity or whether numerosity is perceived indirectly via other perceptual properties. In this study, we used a novel regression-based analytic method, which allowed a...

Contemporary psycholinguistic models suggest that there may be dual routes operating in phonetic encoding: a direct route which uses stored syllabic units, and an indirect route which relies on the on-line assembly of sub-syllabic units. The more computationally efficient direct route is more likely to be used for high frequency words, while the indirect route is most likely to be used for nove...

Our perception of regional irregularity, an example of which is orientation variance, seems effortless when we view two patches of texture that differ in this attribute. Little is understood, however, of how the visual system encodes a regional statistic like orientation variance, but there is some evidence to suggest that it is directly encoded by populations of neurons tuned broadly to high o...

This paper presents a method based on evolutionary computation to train multilayer morphological perceptron (MLMP). The algorithm calculates network parameters such as its connection weights, pre-synaptic and postsynaptic values for a given network topology. Morphological perceptron are a new type of feed-forward artificial neural network based on lattice algebra which can be used for pattern c...

Effects of depth of encoding on form-specific memory were examined. After viewing words (e.g., "bear") presented centrally during initial encoding, participants completed word stems (e.g., "BEA") presented laterally and pattern masked during subsequent test. When the encoding task was perceptual, letter-case specific memory was not observed, unlike in previous experiments without pattern maskin...

The study of Fuglede’s conjecture on the direct product elementary abelian groups was initiated by Iosevich et al. For two holds. Z</mml...

In this study Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) raw data compression techniques are introduced. Two encoding approaches are generally used. Direct encoding in spatial domain and transform encoding in transform domain. A well-known spatial domain compression technique is based on Block Adaptive Quantization (BAQ)[3,6]. BAQ encoding is implemented by dividing the SAR Raw data set into data blocks of...

introduction echo-planar imaging (epi) is a group of fast data acquisition methods commonly used in fmri studies. it acquires multiple image lines in k-space after a single excitation, which leads to a very short scan time. a well-known problem with epi is that it is more sensitive to distortions due to the used encoding scheme. source of distortion is inhomogeneity in the static b0 field that ...

The translation from finite CSPs into SAT has been studied intensively. Common encodings for variable domains are the compact, direct and order encoding. The direct encoding needs a quadratic number of clauses for encoding a domain in SAT whereas the order encoding uses only linearly many. We introduce a conversion for domains from the direct encoding to the order encoding on the CNF level by e...