Despite years of experimentation and hope, many authorities of penology now conclude that few rehabilitative programs reduce recidivism.' However, it has been stated that "lower rates of recidivism are associated with either very short sentences . . . or long sentences." 2 The only method that can tailor length of sentence to individual needs is the indeterminate sentence. By carefully evaluati...

conclusions according to the obtained results, it can be suggested that the training of spiritual positivism can be applied as a useful method to reduce the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in prisoners. results results of repeated measure; mixed between within subjects analysis of variance indicated that training for spiritual positivism had a significant effect on the reduction of ...

A bs t ra ct . A system is descr ibed in which a number of art ificial agents (represented by simple mathematical expressions) compe te for t he right to "re produce" (that is, to cause new agents with similar properties to be genera ted). By simulat ing some of the essential features of biological evolution, the system makes possible some novel insights into the behavior of communi ties of age...

A spatially extended version of the game of prisoner's dilemma, originally proposed by Nowak and May, is modified to include stochastic updating and found to exhibit scale-invariant behavior. Two critical regimes with different scaling behaviors are found; the corresponding exponents have been determined numerically. Spatially, the critical states are characterized by the existence of delicatel...

Abstract While about 1,900 Dutch prisoners are detained abroad annually, current knowledge on this group of is often limited to descriptions their background characteristics and conditions in foreign detention. Previous research has highlighted the relatively high average age at entrance The study examines whether reoffending behavior differs across three groups prisoners: younger (aged between...

Background: Living in colonies and public places may cause increase in infectious diseases. Prisons are places with high-density population. Prisoners don’t persist on moral and social dictum bases and usually have low educational and cultural levels. So they are at high risk of several diseases including contagious skin diseases. Objective: As contagious skin diseases are important for social ...

BACKGROUND Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in most countries. They have high rates of physical and psychiatric co-morbidity, compared to community dwelling older persons and also compared with other prisoner groups. Very high rates of mental illness have been found in remand (pre-trial) prisoners when compared with other prisoner groups; however to date there have bee...

Hydrothion (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) can be toxic for the human central nervous system and cause psychological disturbances and behavioral disorders. In order to evaluate the association between the two potential toxicants and mental health, in this study, we compare a male prisoner and control population. Forty-nine male prisoners and 52 control volunteers took part in the study. An aggressive b...

introduction: though incarcerated populations are at a high risk of developing hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, prisoners are not routinely screened for hcv infection. approximately, 1 in 4 of the nearly 2 million prisoners in the u.s. is infected with hcv. injection drug abusers are currently the main risk group. among intravenous drug abusers over the world, the prevalence of hcv varies fro...