The effects of agonists and partial agonists of both mu and kappa receptor systems are described in several behavioral tests in rhesus monkeys. Procedures measuring drug discrimination, drug self-administration, drug dependence, and drug-induced analgesia are differentially sensitive to the agonist and antagonist effects of various opioids. The sensitivity of each of the procedures may be modif...

aim and background: the behavioral inhibition system (bis) and the behavioral activation system (bas) are considered as factors to verify the effects of personality significance on cortical activity. the present study explored the effects of the bis and bas on frontal asymmetry in response to affect stimuli. methods and materials: this study included 36 individuals (18 with high bas sensitivity...

Background and Objective: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the effective methods for treatment of depression. Regarding the stimulatory effect of glutaminergic system on the progression of depression, the effect of ketamine as one of the most important inhibitors of this system has been investigated on the effectiveness of ECT. ...

the used activated carbon was derived from pine-cone and was used for the removal of acid black 1(ab1) and acid blue 113(ab113) dyes. a batch sorption study was carried out in order to obtain optimum isotherm model. the study showed the best fit of the adsorption isotherm data was obtained using the langmuir model for both dyes. the monolayer maximum saturation capacities of ab1 and ab113 dyes ...

Action selection describes the high-level process that selects between competing movements. In animals, behavioral variability is critical for the motor exploration required to select the action that optimizes reward and minimizes cost/punishment and is guided by dopamine (DA). The aim of this study was to test in humans whether low-level movement parameters are affected by punishment and rewar...

objective: various approaches have been offered for resolution of pain resulting from spinal cord injuries. one approach is the use of herbal and natural products. in the present research, as a preliminary study, we investigate the effect of crocin on chronic pain induced by contusion in the rat spinal cord (sci). methods: we randomly divided female wistar rats into five groups. groups i and ii...

This paper presents the application of a Case-Based Reasoning approach to the selection and modification of behavioral assemblage parameters. The goal of this research is to reduce the process of defining a large set of robotic behaviors to defining only a small set of orthogonal behaviors. The case-based reasoning module selects a set of parameters for an active behavioral assemblage in real-t...