The effect of improvement in vitamin A nutriture on biochemical indicators of iron nutrition during national vitamin A fortification of sugar was investigated longitudinally. Four "paired-comparison-subgroups" of preschoolers were studied before fortification (survey I) and, respectively, at 6 months (survey I versus II), at 1 yr (survey I versus III), at 1 1/2 yr (survey I versus IV), and at 2...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to provide denominator data relating to the timing and location of transfusion, to support interpretation of reports of incorrect blood component transfused (IBCT) events to the UK Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) scheme. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 29 hospitals in northern England. Data on the timing, location an...

  Background:The dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of a chromatography matrix in protein purification is the amount of the total protein absorbed into the matrix, before occurrence of a significant break in the breakthrough curve. Optimization of the process criteria for maximum DBC avoids extra process scale-up and reduces ...

A general capacity formula C = sup X I(X; Y), which is correct for arbitrary single-user channels without feedback, is introduced in this tutorial. This new capacity formula is obtained by using a general channel model without any assumptions of the channel, introducing the notion of inf/sup-information/entropy rates, and finding a new tight converse bound on the error probability. In Section 1...

Two methods for calculating internal work-the absolute work method, based on changes in mechanical energy, and the absolute power method, based on the powers produced by the joint moments of force-were compared. The results from both methods were normalized to body mass and running speed to obtain the 'internal biomechanical cost' (IBC). The IBCs of normal running for eight runners were compare...

The evolution of building codes typically produce design provisions that are expected to create safer and more accurate designs. We as engineers expect building codes to advance the state of the art with each successive edition. The 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) have significant revisions affecting the design of ti...

The massive increase in nucleotide sequence information available in public and private databases, coupled with advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and the associated search algorithms, have provided the basis for the emerging field of proteomics. The recent announcement of 35 000 or so genes in the human genome was on the low side of the number predicted. Yet, it re-affirms the view that cellul...

Background: DNA damage is one of the major consequences of radiation exposure onto the biological systems. A series of compounds including flavanoids were found to render DNA protection against radiation damage. In this study we elucidated the potential of rutin and rutin hydrate to protect plasmid DNA against damage induced by irradiation. Materials and Methods: DPPH and hydroxyl radical scave...

Objective(s) Nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) occurs in many macromolecules in aging and diabetes due to exposure of biomolecules to high level of glucose. Glycation can changes function, activities and structure of many biomolecules. Considering this important role of transferrin (Trf) in iron transport and antioxidant activity in plasma this study was carried out to investigate the eff...