INTRODUCTION Caudal septal dislocation is a respiratory and cosmetic problem. The correction of caudal septal dislocation is a challenging issue. Although different modalities have been described for the treatment, it is still controversial. OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe a two-level suture technique which can be used to correct and stabilize the septum in the columellar pocket. MET...

Response of adductor longus (AL) muscle to gravitational unloading and reloading was studied. Male Wistar Hannover rats (5-wk old) were hindlimb-unloaded for 16 days with or without 16-day ambulation recovery. The electromyogram (EMG) activity in AL decreased after acute unloading, but that in the rostral region was even elevated during continuous unloading. The EMG levels in the caudal region ...

conclusions the addition of s (+)-ketamine or clonidine to levobupivacaine 0.25% in caudal analgesia for hypospadias repair appears to be of no benefit. however, use of the additives in combination increased postoperative sedation. results the 87 patients included had a mean ± sd age of 21.4 ± 13.5 months and weight of 11.9 ± 2.4 kg. the median doses of levobupivacaine, s (+)-ketamine, and clon...

Caudal anaesthesia (CA) is epidural anaesthesia of the cauda equina roots in the sacral canal, accessed through the sacral hiatus. CA is a common paediatric regional technique that is quick to learn and easy to perform, with high success and low complication rates. CA provides high quality intraoperative and early postoperative analgesia for sub-umbilical surgery. In children, CA is most effect...