To understand changes in motor behavior during development, kinematic measurements were made of the right leg during embryonic motility in chicks on embryonic (E) days 9, 11, and 13. This is an interesting developmental period during which the embryo first becomes large enough to be physically constrained by the shell. Additionally, sensory systems are incorporated at that time into the spinal ...

Significant attention in recent years has been given towards obtaining a better understanding of human joint ranges, measurement, and functionality, especially in conjunction with commands issued by the central nervous system. Studies of those commands often include computer algorithms to describe path trajectories. These are typically in "open-form" with specific descriptions of motions, but n...

Bilateral amygdala lesions impair the ability to identify certain emotions, especially fear, from facial expressions, and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated differential amygdala activation as a function of the emotional expression of faces, even under conditions of subliminal presentation, and again especially for fear. Yet the amygdala's role in processing emotion from other classes of st...

PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between optic disc hemorrhages (ODHs) and the position of the central retinal vessel trunk (RVT) in patients with glaucoma. METHODS Fundus photographs of 1,830 participants were reviewed. The exit position of the central retinal vessel trunk was classified as being in the superior or inferior hemisphere of the optic disc and the relative vertical positio...

The assumption that proprioceptive inputs from the lower legs are used to trigger balance and gait movements is questioned in this review (an outgrowth of discussions initiated during the Neural Control of Movement Satellite meeting held in Cozumel, Mexico, April 1997). Recent findings presented here suggest that trunk or hip inputs may be more important in triggering human balance corrections ...

highly purified animal insulins.3 Patients should therefore be transferred to human insulin onlv when there is a medical indication, under a doctor's guidance, and after having been informed that a change in symptoms ofhypoglycaemia could occur. As advocated previously,"' a large randomised clinical trial is now needed to establish definitively whether there is an increased risk of severe hypog...