Objective(s): In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as toxin binder in animal feed, ammonia purification of aquatic pools, animal smell and moisture control. This study investigated on the risk assessment of nano zeolite on development of embryonic chicken models, anomalies, tetratogenic and embryotoxic effects. Methods: Eggs (120 = n) were accidentally di...

Background: Metronidazole is categorized in pharmacological group C and few researches have been conducted about its pathological effects on the human fetus. Since the embryogenesis in chicken is similar to that in human beings, in the current study, the toxic effects of this drug on embryo skin and integument tissues were assessed using a chicken embryo model. Method:...

Introduction: Feathers are important body structures that act as surface insulators to reduce maintenance energy requirements and also to protect skin against abrasions and infection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of methionine injection into the yolk sac on development of feather follicle in chicken embryo. Methods: 50 fertilized eggs (weighting 50±0.4 gr) of Ross×...

DNA isolated from avian virus-producing leukemic myeloblasts induced the production of viruses, but not morphological transformation, in cultivated chicken fibroblasts. The recovered virus had the same biological characteristics as the original avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and produced myeloblastosis and nephroblastomas when injected into chickens. Neutralization experiments with chicken an...

Background: Bendiocarbamate is a carbamate insecticide, which belongs among the cholinesterase inhibitors. Cholinesterase inhibitors is a group of chemical compounds, which inhibits acetylcholine hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase, thereby acetylcholine accumulates in the reactive locations of a living organism. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate toxicity dose of bendiocarbamate...

Ribavirin inhibited the expression of cellular transformation in normal rat kidney cells transformed by a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus and chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with either a temperature-sensitive mutant or wild-type Rous sarcoma virus. Ribavirin also inhibited replication of the Rous sarcoma viruses in chicken embryo fibroblasts. The effect of ribavirin on c...

In the chicken embryo, acute hypoxemia results in cardiovascular responses, including an increased peripheral resistance. We investigated whether local direct effects of decreased oxygen tension might participate in the arterial response to hypoxemia in the chicken embryo. Femoral arteries of chicken embryos were isolated at 0.9 of incubation time, and the effects of acute hypoxia on contractio...

Rat liver cells in vitro were transformed with chicken sarcoma virus B77, giving RL(B77) cells, and with murine sarcoma virus (Harvey), giving RL(MSV) cells. Rat liver cells transformed spontaneously in vitro were designated RL cells. In addition, the RL(MSV) cell line was adapted for growth in culture fluid containing 25 mug of 5-bromodeoxyuridine per ml. All cell lines were tumorigenic in 1-w...

RNA interference (RNAi) provides an effective method to silence gene expression and investigate gene function. However, RNAi tools for the chicken embryo have largely been adapted from vectors designed for mammalian cells. Here we present plasmid and retroviral RNAi vectors specifically designed for optimal gene silencing in chicken cells. The vectors use a chicken U6 promoter to express RNAs m...

Pathogens are an important and significant hazard for human and animal health. In recent years, antibiotics are used to treat different types of infection caused by bacterial agents. In veterinary medicine, antibiotics injected into hatching eggs to eliminate pathogens and prevention of egg transmission of disease, but the adverse effects of drugs have always been a major conc...