there is a general rule in criminal law, principal of innocence. according to this rule, who asserts must prove. if she succeeds, ,this principal is replaced by pricipal of criminality, (as this pricipal is valid as far as the contrary is not proven). so, it is clear that the validity of this pricipal is based on the circumstances and reasonable inferences from these circumstances. if the situa...

The application of optimization tools and techniques to operate the reservoir on a Multi-objective basis under the circumstances of climate change is unavoidable. The present study utilizes the Multi-Objective Farmland Fertility Optimization (MOFFA) algorithm to derive optimum rules on the operation of the Golestan Dam in Golestan province under circumstances of climate change. The two targets ...

The problem of the incidence of traumas among children is still topical and statistical data confirm an increasing tendency in the last decades. The purpose of the work was to estimate the causes and circumstances of injuries in children at the age of 7 to 15, who were admitted to Surgical Ward of Specialist Paediatric Hospital in Kielce between 30th June 1997 and 30th June 1998. A retrospectiv...

That prenatal events can have life-long consequences is now well established. Nevertheless, research on the Fetal Origins Hypothesis is flourishing and has expanded to include the early childhood (postnatal) environment. Why does this literature have a “second act?” We summarize the major themes and contributions driving the empirical literature since our 2011 reviews, and try to interpret the ...

Reputation enables customers to select between providers, and balance risk against other aspects of service provision. For new providers that have yet to establish a track record, negative ratings can significantly impact on their chances of being selected. Existing work has shown that malicious or inaccurate reviews, and subjective differences, can be accounted for. However, an honest balanced...

Case of Twins, accompanied with embarrassing Circumstances. By M. Leveque, M. D. Madam R. 19 years of age, of small stature, and extremely delicate organization, became pregnant shortly after marriage. During the first three months she was much harrassed with giddiness and continual vomiting, which reduced her to such a state of emaciation and debility, that she was forced to use ass's milk for...

• Adverse reactions to food can be classified as either immune mediated (e.g. food allergy, FA) or nonimmune mediated (e.g. food intolerance, FI). Nonimmune-mediated reactions are the most prevalent. • Eight foods (milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish and shellfish) account for 90% of all IgEmediated food allergies. • Celiac disease is a classical example of a non-IgEmediated advers...

Probability-like parameters appearing in some statistical models, and their prior distributions, are reinterpreted through the notion of `circumstance', a term which stands for any piece of knowledge that is useful in assigning a probability and that satisfies some additional logical properties. The idea, which can be traced to Laplace and Jaynes, is that the usual inferential reasonings about ...