In discussing the economic value of customary land in Papua New Guinea, we must recognise the ongoing polemic over land use. Much of this debate is driven by special interest groups seeking access to customary land. Customary landowners in Papua New Guinea, on the other hand, have been mostly well served by their system of custodianship. Land has been the basis for social cohesion, food securit...

Predictive materials design has rapidly accelerated in recent years with the advent of large-scale resources, such as materials structure and property databases generated by ab initio computations. In the absence of analogous ab initio frameworks for materials synthesis, high-throughput and machine learning techniques have recently been harnessed to generate synthesis strategies for select mate...

OBJECTIVES to explore associations between customary physical activity and three longitudinal outcomes: 12-year all-cause mortality, 12-year disease-specific mortality and 8-year change in general practitioner and personal social service use. DESIGN longitudinal study. SUBJECTS 1042 people originally aged 65 and over randomly sampled from general practitioner lists in Nottingham, UK. METH...

Customary charges have had significant impacts in determining reasonable prices under the historic Medicare physician payment system. This article contains new, comprehensive information on customary charges as well as data aggregated at the physician level. These baseline data have some important policy implications, such as the study findings, that indicate that the Medicare fee schedule is l...

1. In accordance with decision XI/14 A, on progress in the implementation of Article 8(j) and related provisions, and decision XI/3 B, on indicators relevant to traditional knowledge and customary sustainable use, the Executive Secretary has prepared this document to report on progress made on adopted indicators for traditional knowledge and customary sustainable use. The document provides an o...

Zambia has in the recent years witnessed domestic and international land boundary conflicts as a result of commercialization, urban-rural migration and high demand for customary land and its consequent translation into monetary values due to improper land demarcation system and partial documentation of customary land parcels. In this study we propose the utilization and integration of Informati...

In current organizations, the models of knowledge creation include specific processes and elements that drive the production of knowledge aimed at satisfying organizational objectives. The Knowledge Life Cycle (KLC) model of the Knowledge Management Consortium International (KMCI) provides a comprehensive framework for situating competencies as part of the organizational context. Recent work on...

This report is part of the United States Institute of Peace’s (USIP) ongoing effort to understand the pluralist legal system of Afghanistan. It examines, compares, and contrasts Islamic law with traditional forms of justice in an attempt to elucidate how such rule of law approaches interact as well as provide a fuller understanding of each system to better guide rule of law practice, policy, an...