PURPOSE To investigate the expression of the muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtypes (m1, m2, m3, m4, and m5) in the human ciliary muscle. METHODS cDNA probes specific for the m1 to m5 subtypes were used to characterize the expression of subtype-specific mRNAs by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis on a cell line derived from human ciliary muscle tissue (H7CM), sectioned tissue from...

PURPOSE Epithelial disorders after eye surgery can result in visual deterioration and patient discomfort. Such disorders may be caused by drug toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of ophthalmic solutions, with or without benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as the preservative, used for postoperative care. METHODS A range of commercially available antibiotic and anti-inflammatory ...

Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is widely used as a preservative in toiletries and cosmetics and in products for household and industrial use. Both formaldehyde itself and substances that can release it are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. This condition often becomes chronic, given that these allergens are found nearly everywhere and it is difficult for p...

Autolysis by definition designates a process of self-digestion and specifically refers to the dissolution of tissues by enzymes present in the tissue cells, without the aid of micro-organisms. Wells (1925) has given an extensive review of the literature on this subject, the details of which are not within the scope of this paper. Autolysis has been widely studied in animal fluids and tissues, t...

Cultural evolution studies are characterized by the notion that culture evolves accordingly to broadly Darwinian principles. Yet how far the analogy between cultural and genetic evolution should be pushed is open to debate. Here, we examine a recent disagreement that concerns the extent to which cultural transmission should be considered a preservative mechanism allowing selection among differe...

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has the potential to allow non-invasive analysis of tumor mutations in advanced cancer. In this study we assessed the reproducibility of digital PCR (dPCR) assays of circulating tumor DNA in a cohort of patients with advanced breast cancer and assessed delayed plasma processing using cell free DNA preservative tubes. We recruited a cohort of 96 paired samp...

Aromatic and medicinal plants produce essential oils in the form of secondary metabolites. These essential oils can be used in diverse applications in food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. The use of essential oils as antimicrobials and food preservative agents is of concern because of several reported side effects of synthetic oils. Essential oils have the potential to be used as a food pres...

use of natural antimicrobial compounds extracted from plants such as cinnamon as preservative to extend the shelf life has gain much attention. in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity and bio- preservative potential of the methanolic extract of cinnamomum verum bark and its oil against bacillus subtilis , pseudomonas aeruginosae and escherichia coli in ketchup sauce. in order to ...

This study's interest relies on adolescents' social representations of unprotected sex, more precisely on the relationship between the attitude towards the preservative and the reason attribution for its non use. 1386 secondary school students took part in the study, in the Brazilian cities of Florianópolis, Itajaí and Balneário Camboriú. In order to verify reasons attributed by the students, w...