Abstract We explain why competing firms form collective entities to buy patents from other entities, particularly non-practicing (NPEs), and follow a catch release patent strategy. show having competitors bid as single unit is better than against each other. More important, we that collusive bidding on held by NPEs, even when the are not essential for standard (SEPs), may increase consumer surp...

Investment in Indonesia is a necessity, the field of direct investment property by foreigners experiencing obstacles when dealing with land legal system Indonesia. Property this case includes and buildings or houses attached to one another, on other hand there are restrictions purchase for foreigners, where they can only Usage Right that has limited period time Building Rights that, which also ...

The paper explores what macroeconomic factors can tell us about the effectiveness of recently enacted national competition laws. Qualitative evidence suggests that numerous countries fall short in implementing competition law. Furthermore, there seems to be significant differences between countries. To examine what factors might contribute to the explanation of effectiveness of competition law ...

One of the most controversial questions in current competition policy is when, if ever, should competition law require a …rm with market power to share its property, notably intellectual property, with its rivals? And if supply is required, on what terms? These questions are discussed with reference to recent law cases including the EC Microsoft judgment of 2007 and the US linkLine case of 2009...

EU competition law plays a central role in the process of European integration and has constantly been developing at a different pace. The dynamics of change in EU competition law have been quickened by the introduction of Regulation 1/2003 that has enabled a decentralised enforcement system of EU antitrust where NCAs and national courts have been empowered to apply articles 81 and 82 EC (now 1...

During the early 1990’s, in the early days of the worldwide competition policy boom, Spencer Waller and Joshua Newberg argued that difficulties inherent in grafting common law concepts---such as antitrust---onto non common law traditions would undermine the administration of competition law in non common law tradition countries. Recent independent survey data on the performance of competition p...

the civil sanction is one of the most important sanctions for protecting copyright. in french law a special action named counterfeit action is predicted, which not only compensate the damages but also it has a preventive effect. this action doesn't require the proving of the fault and the lawsuit can be done by the author and the person who is awareded the exclusive licence. in this legal ...