Software testing can only be formalized and quanti ed when a solid basis for test generation can be de ned Tests are commonly generated from the source code control ow graphs design representations and speci cations requirements Formal speci cations represent a signi cant opportunity for testing because they precisely describe what functions the software is supposed to provide in a form that ca...

The evolution of information technology has resulted in increasingly fragmented digital media and multiple information channels. Organizations can develop comprehensive insights into consumer behavior and preferences by evaluating customers’ perceptions of the various Internet channels that are available. Such insights can be used to identify which information channels can be employed to effect...

recovery of used products is receiving much attention recently due to growing environmental concerns.in this paper, we address the carbon footprint basedon problem arising in closed-loop supply chain where returned products are collected from customers. these returned products can either be disposed or be remanufactured to be sold as new ones again. here, we formulate a comprehensive closed-loo...

numerical methods such as boundary element and finite element methods are widely used for the stress analysis in solid mechanics. this study presents boundary element method based on the displacement discontinuity formulation to solve general problems of interaction between hydraulic fracturing and discontinuities. the crack tip element and a higher order boundary displacement collocation techn...

Recently published studies have shown that partitional clustering algorithms that optimize certain criterion functions, which measure key aspects of interand intra-cluster similarity, are very effective in producing hard clustering solutions for document datasets and outperform traditional partitional and agglomerative algorithms. In this paper we study the extent to which these criterion funct...

Recently published studies have shown that partitional clustering algorithms that optimize certain criterion functions, which measure key aspects of interand intra-cluster similarity, are very effective in producing hard clustering solutions for document datasets and outperform traditional partitional and agglomerative algorithms. In this paper we study the extent to which these criterion funct...

Recently end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have achieved promising performance. However, existing tend to adopt increasing model sizes and suffer from expensive resource consumption for real-world applications. To compress E2E ASR obtain smaller sizes, we propose a comprehensive compression platform named LWMD (light-weight designing), which consists of two essential pa...

Recent Tweak-based planners replace the White Knight technique of a modal truth criterion by a simple heuristic for choosing the estab-lisher of a term in situation, empirically trading between the rigorous precision of a criterion and the computational complexity. In this paper , I argue that this WK technique does not rely on the opposition between mathematical rigour and eeciency of an imple...