The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) TerrestrialAnimal Health Code considers the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to comprise a series of practical measures and recommendations which confer benefits to animal and public health while preserving and maintaining the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobials. This paper reviews some of the main veterinary prudent us...

Global sustainability challenges are reshaping how businesses operate in the 21st century. The necessary condition of ensuring economic, social, and environmental sustainability, also affects functioning regulatory authorities businesses, particularly air transport sector, which, by facilitating access to productive services connectivity markets, is a critical contributor economy. Businesses in...

In this paper, a reliable iterative approach, for solving a wide range of linear and nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations is established. First the approach considers a discretized form of the integral terms where considering some conditions on the kernel of the integral equation it is proved that solution of the discretized form converges to the exact solution of the problem. Then th...

The optimal locating of facilities has large effects on economic benefits, providing satisfactory service and levels of customer satisfaction. One of the new topics discussed in location problems is hub location and hub facilities are subject to unpredictable disruptions. This paper proposes a nonlinear integer model for reliable single allocation hub location problem that considers backup hub,...

Secure VPN technology is only possible with the use of appropriate security systems such as encryption, digital signatures, digital certificates, public/private key pairs, non-repudiation, and time-stamping. A PKI comprises a system of certificates, certificate authorities, subjects, relying partners, registration authorities, and key repositories that provide for safe and reliable communicatio...

This paper considers the potential of Virtual Learning Environments in schools focusing on 2 distinct user groups. Firstly, the children and teachers engaged in the learning situation, and secondly, the stakeholders, that is the policy makers and educational authorities. Several VLEs are reviewed identifying high user acceptance and interest. The paper then considers educational policy and appr...

This paper considers modelling spatially varying regression effects for multivariate mortality count outcomes. Alternative approaches to spatial regression heterogeneity are considered: the multivariate normal conditional autoregressive (MCAR) model is contrasted with a flexible set of priors based on the multiple membership approach. These include spatial factor priors and a nonparametric appr...