OBJECTIVES To assess the validity (face validity and criterion-related validity) and reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) of a Cantonese (the Chinese dialect predominantly used in Guangdong Province) version of the Cardiff Acne Disability Index. DESIGN Questionnaire study. SETTING Two secondary schools in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS The Chinese Cardiff Acne Disabilit...

Human Kansei is very complicated and it is not easy to evaluate it. Methods of paired comparison might be useful for evaluating human Kansei because it is generally said that human Kansei is nonlinear while methods of paired comparison are considered to be able to deal with nonlinear problems. In paired comparison it is important to confirm consistency of answers of each subject because if a su...

We study the rate of Bayesian consistency for hierarchical priors consisting of prior weights on a model index set and a prior on a density model for each choice of model index. Ghosal, Lember and Van der Vaart [2] have obtained general in-probability theorems on the rate of convergence of the resulting posterior distributions. We extend their results to almost sure assertions. As an applicatio...

Forest stand boundaries are usually represented on vegetation maps as fine lines all having the same width. Thus spatial accuracy and precision are considered to be uniform over an entire map. However, real forest boundaries — i.e., those that can be observed on the ground— differ in degree of definition and contrast between adjacent stands. This study examines the association between ecologica...