Spontaneous and tone-evoked changes in light reflectance were recorded from primary auditory cortex (A1) of anesthetized cats (barbiturate induction, ketamine maintenance). Spontaneous 0.1-Hz oscillations of reflectance of 540- and 690-nm light were recorded in quiet. Stimulation with tone pips evoked localized reflectance decreases at 540 nm in 3/10 cats. The distribution of patches "activated...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Oligopoly price discrimination in the retail market prevents a manufacturer from inducing optimal retail margins through any wholesale price. This motivates the manufacturer to impose resale price maintenance. In a model of third-degree price discrimination by rival retailers, a retail price ceiling (or floor) enables the manufacturer to restore the first best. Imposing a fixed retail price is ...

there are several researches that deal with the behavior of ses and their relationships with different economical factors. these range from papers dealing with this subject through econometrical procedures to statistical methods known as copula. this article considers the impact of oil and gold price on tehran stock exchange market (tse). oil and gold are two factors that are essential for the ...

We study timing decisions for price change of style goods in the existence of competition. We model as a duopoly two firms which are selling their fixed stocks of an item in a given period of time. Our model differs from existing single-firm inventory models in that we explicitly consider the demand interactions through pricing decisions by two competing firms. Each firm starts with the same in...

Many two-sided platforms offer innovative hardware products that improve in quality and enter the market sequentially. We analyze the impact of the decrease in the production cost on a monopoly platform owner’s dynamic two-sided pricing problem, in which buyers are strategic and exert a cross-side network effect to the seller side. Our findings show that a greater decrease in cost raises the op...

Six hens pecked a key (Experiment 1) or pushed a door (Experiment 2) to obtain food reinforcement. In both experiments and as an analogue of price changes, the response requirements were varied in two ways: by increasing the number of responses required and by increasing the required force of each response. The two price manipulations (response number and response force) had different effects o...

vi = θ1 + θ2 Assume for simplicity that the θi are i.i.d. random variables with a continuous density on [0, 1]. How would you bid in a first price auction? How would you bid in a second price auction? Does the second price auction have dominant strategy equilibria? Does the game have other equilibria that are similar to dominant strategy equilibria in some sense? Analysis of the first price auc...