.............................................................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ..................................

governments around the worlds especially in developing countries face with tremendous challenges.  high or moderate rate of corruption can be named as one of the most important of these challenges.  corruption and its inefficiency can deviate resources allocation to unproductive sectors of economy. trust in social networks or within the society has two antithetic effects in deployment of corrup...

Corruption in public administration is a cause for continuing concern, particularly in the developing world. Although optimism regarding the ability of e-government to reduce or eliminate corruption is widespread, neutral impact assessment reports however continue to expose cases where corruption persists even after the introduction of e-government. Clearly, there is a need for strengthening re...

We study bureaucratic corruption in a model in which a constituency sets required levels for a given set of activities. Each activity is carried out by an external provider, and its realization is supervised by a bureaucrat. While bureaucrats are supposed to act on behalf of the constituency, they can decide to be corrupt and allow providers to deliver lower activity levels than contracted in e...

We present an extension of System F with call-by-name exceptions. The type system is enriched with two syntactic constructs: a union type A ? ∪{ε} for programs of type A whose execution may raise the exception ε at top level, and a corruption type A{ε} for programs that may raise the exception ε in any evaluation context (not necessarily at top level). We present the syntax and reduction rules ...

Corruption is a worldwide phenomenon, particularly in many developing countries, which contain a large proportion of global biodiversity. Most alarming, from a biodiversity-conservation perspective, is the frequent corruption of government officials who manage valuable natural resources, such as timber, oil and precious minerals. A recent study by Joyotee Smith and colleagues describes rampant ...

1. Introduction We consider the problem of building middleware that facilitates service replication over a wide area network (e.g., the Internet) where service replicas are typically placed in different, geographically wide-apart locations. Several group communication protocols have been proposed in the literature, some have even been implemented ([C98, DM96, Moser96, VKM96]). However, many of ...

We present an extension of System F with call-by-name exceptions. The type system is enriched with two syntactic constructs: a union type for programs whose execution may raise an exception at top level, and a corruption type for programs that may raise an exception in any evaluation context (not necessarily at top level). We present the syntax and reduction rules of the system, as well as its ...

The problem of political corruption is particularly relevant for modern criminological science. processes formation and functioning power, due to their high social significance, have long been subject negative corruption, therefore they need a special protection mechanism. the study legal regulation banning financing activities (election campaigns), as well its reflection in local regulations c...