this paper deals with leader-following and leaderless consensus problems of high-order multi-input/multi-output (mimo) multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics in the presence of uncertain external disturbances. the agents may have different dynamics and communicate together under a directed graph. a distributed adaptive method is designed for both cases. the structures of the contro...

the conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. in this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. the idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...

The implementation of economic projects by targeting the subsidies can have a great effect on the cost competitiveness of the industries and their products. The global steel industry has been considered as a basic key industry in the industrialized countries. It is also among the industries that may be seriously affected by the enforcement of subsidies. This industry, requiring energy and high-...

one of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. it means increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reductio...

It has been debated whether the Global Fund (GF), which is supporting the implementation of programs on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, should consider the value-for-money (VFM) for programs/interventions that they are supporting. In this paper, we critically analyze the uses of economic information for GF programs, not only to ensure accountability to the...