The allocation of risks among the contracting parties in a contract is an important decision affecting the project success. Some risks in a project are uncontrollable; these are imposed to a project by external factors. Since contracting parties can neither control nor affect the occurrence of such risks, their allocation to a party would be inequitable. Therefore the cost overrun related to un...

AIMS To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an intervention substituting physicians with nurse specialists. BACKGROUND   Increasing populations of people with diabetes in most Western countries require creative solutions that give high-quality chronic care while controlling costs. Instigating nurse specialists as a substitute for physicians yields positive results in this area. Research about ...

BACKGROUND To support policy making, we developed an initial model to assess the cost-effectiveness of potential strategies to increase influenza vaccination rates among children in China. METHODS We studied on children aged 6 months to 14 years in four provinces (Shandong, Henan, Hunan, and Sichuan), with a health care system perspective. We used data from 2005/6 to 2010/11, excluding 2009/1...

BACKGROUND The availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and vaccination against HPV types 16 and 18 (HPV-16,18) motivates questions about the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention in the United States for unvaccinated older women and for girls eligible for vaccination. METHODS An empirically calibrated model was used to assess the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), ...

BACKGROUND Measles remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Due to the success of the measles mortality reduction and elimination efforts thus far, the WHO has raised the question of whether global eradication of measles is economically feasible. METHODS The cost-effectiveness of various measles mortality reduction and eradication scenarios wa...

Effective traffic management in urban areas is done by adapting traffic signal times to current traffic conditions. At isolated intersections this task is usually realised by fixed time or by conventional vehicle actuated signal controllers. The fixed time signals use predefined green times, they are reliable and cost-efficient but offer no opportunity to adapt on-line. Especially with rapidly ...

BACKGROUND: Earlier cost-effectiveness studies showed the cost-effectiveness ratios for pneumococcal vaccination in preventing cases of Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease (BPD) alone to vary between 11,000 and 33,000 per quality-adjusted life year. If vaccination is also assumed to be effective in preventing cases of Non Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease (NBPD) (at the same level of effectiveness), ...

Objective To assess the association between different types of organisation and the results from economic evaluations. Design Retrospective pairwise comparison of evidence submitted to the technology appraisal programme of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) by manufacturers of the relevant healthcare technologies and by contracted university based assessment groups. Data sour...

OBJECTIVES To develop a methodology for integrating social networks into traditional cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) studies. This will facilitate the economic evaluation of treatment policies in settings where health outcomes are subject to social influence. DESIGN This is a simulation study based on a Markov model. The lifetime health histories of a cohort are simulated, and health outcom...