Background: Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) is induced in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, and a maturation stimulus is added to the monocyte culture to obtain mature Dendritic Cells (DCs) suitable for therapy. TNF-α is the most common cytokine used for activating DCs and generating mature MDDC either alone or in combination with other cytokines. Objective: To compare effe...

T lymphocytes that are involved in cellular mediated immunity include two types known as TCD8+ (Cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and TCD4+ (helper T lymphocytes). TCD4+ has four main subtypes, including TH1, TH2, TH17, and Treg Lymphocytes.TH17 lymphocytes play a role in defense against microbes that TH1 and TH2 lymphocytes have not the ability to respond to them. The most important cytokines, which ar...

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-beta or lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α), IL-4 and IL-10 are determining factors in immunity against BCG.  Allelic polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of their genes affect the rate of cytokine production and therefore, the host’s ability in BCG containment. Objective: To study the prevalence of –590 (C/T) and –592 (C/A) allelic distribution of IL-4 and IL-10 promo...

interleukin (il)-17 is exclusively produced by cd4 helper t-cells upon activation. it most often acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines il-6, il-8, tnf-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). in this study, we studied the in-vitro il-17 response to specific antigens and a variety of mitogens and compared the il-1...

Background: Monitoring of phenotypic characteristics of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood is commonly performed to give the clinical parameters in the management of kidney transplant recipients.   Objective: To predict rejection in renal transplantation by immune parameters. Methods: 16 non-diabetic kidney transplant candidates (4 females and 12 males, age = 20-65 yr, first time transplant) wer...