Computational methods for genome-wide identification of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have become increasingly necessary for both genome annotation and evolutionary studies. Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons are a class of MGEs that have been found in most eukaryotic genomes, sometimes in extremely high numbers. In this article, we present a computational tool, MGEScan-non-LT...

It is well known that most daphnid species have several attractive life history characteris‐ tics such as cyclical parthenogenesis, environmental sex determination, and predator-in‐ duced defense formation. Recent advances in high-throughput omics technologies make it easy to obtain a huge number of potential candidate factors involved in environmental stimuli-triggered phenotypic alterations. ...

The keystone aquatic herbivore Daphnia has been studied for more than 150 years in the context of evolution, ecology and ecotoxicology. Although it is rapidly becoming an emergent model for environmental and population genomics, there have been limited genome-wide level studies in natural populations. We report a unique resource of novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) markers for Daphnia p...

In Daphnia (Cladocera, Crustacea), parthenogenetic reproduction alternates with sexual reproduction. Individuals of both sexes that belong to the same parthenogenetic line are genetically identical, and their sex is determined by the environment. Previously, non-male producing (NMP) genotypes have been described in species of the Daphnia pulex group. Such genotypes can only persist through phas...

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been shown to play an important role in adaptation of several aquatic species to different habitats. The genomes of Daphnia pulex, a pond species, and Daphnia pulicaria, a lake inhabitant, encode two L-LDH enzymes, LDHA and LDHB. We estimated relative levels of Ldh gene expression in these two closely related species and their hybrids in four environmental settin...

Imai and Iséki [1] introduced the concept of BCK-algebra as a generalization of notions of set difference operation and propositional calculus. The notion of pseudo-BCK algebra was introduced by Georgescu and Iorgulescu [2] as generalization of BCK-algebras not assuming commutativity. Hájek [3] introduced the concept of BL-algebras as the general semantics of basic fuzzy logic (BL-logic). Iorgu...

The ciliate Mesodinium pulex (Class Litostomatea) ingested all 5 species of cryptophytes and the autotrophic dinoflagellate Heterocapsa rotundata offered as prey. Despite this, it could only grow on the cryptophytes Teleaulax sp. and Guinardia theta and the dinoflagellate H. rotundata, because ingestion rates of the other prey cells, even at very high prey concentrations, were too low to suppor...

introduced species are often thought to do well because of an escape from natural enemies. however, once established, they can acquire a modest assemblage of enemies, including parasites, in their new range. Here we quantified prevalence and effects of infection with copepods (family Myicolidae) and pea crabs (Pinnotheres novaezelandiae), in three mussel species, the non-native Musculista senho...

BACKGROUND Multiple transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred in the Daphnia pulex complex in North America. These newly formed asexual lineages are differentially distributed being found predominantly at high latitudes. This conforms to the rule of geographical parthenogenesis postulating prevalence of asexuals at high latitudes and altitudes. While the reproductive mode of high-la...