Abstract Research on Africa’s monetary history has tended to focus the imposition of colonial currencies while neglecting upheavals which faced powers after collapse gold standard during World War I. Gardner profiles three crises—in The Gambia, Kenya, and Liberia—resulting from shifting exchange rates between European 1920s 1930s. These cases illustrate degree policies struggled keep up with ec...

Abstract According to Jonathan Quong’s moral status account of liability defensive harm, an agent is liable harm only when she mistakenly treats others as if their diminished (for example, they lack a right that in fact possess). Quong argues that, by the lights account, conscientious driver (Driver) who faultlessly threatens kill Pedestrian not harm. Driver’s action evidence-relative permissib...

Aware aggregation is an important subtask of Imposition detection. The goal is to identify and to cluster different Awares produced by low-level Imposition detection systems, firewalls, etc. Belonging to a specific attack instance which has been initiated by an attacker at a certain point in time. Thus, meta-Awares can be generated for the clusters that contain all the relevant information wher...

at early stages of new product development, the effort tooptimize is low and effects on the whole innovation process are high.therefore, a deeper understanding of fuzzy front end and its successcan help firms to be more successful in developing new products. wepresented and tested a conceptual model of relationships among keyvariable sre lated to the fuzzy front end,execution phase of new produ...

Given the power imbalance between students and faculty members, many studies on email communication have focused how requests are performed in an academic setting. Research has illustrated that power-incongruent emails can lead to pragmatic failure cause a negative effect recipient. The present study explores contextual variables, such as social distance, imposition perceived by EFL three diffe...

Abstract The function of students’ email requests to faculty is both transactional and interactional. Students’ emails are not only sent with the aim receiving some form service but they also need adhere interactional language in order establish maintain social relationships. Therefore, how address their lecturers much directness appropriate performed through this medium, most difficult choices...